controlled variables in bouncing ball experiment

Create beautiful notes faster than ever before. In the bouncing ball example, external forces such as air resistance are assumed to be zero. The Graph on page 23 shows that all of the results were very close together. Use a racquetball, a golf ball or any kind that bounces well and makes a nice crisp sound when it bounces. Method: To set up the The ball is not performing a simple harmonic motion, as the acceleration is not proportional to the displacement from an equilibrium position. A thrown or batted ball may travel faster than the terminal speed, but it will experience a large drag force from the air which is greater than its weight. Belowis the graph of h1against h2. Therefore the heavier the ball is, the faster its terminal velocity. The results of our experiment show that this probably is not the case. This is because it is the easiest and quickest variable to alter. If you get more than one value, calculate and record the average. WebThis experiment,is an investigation into the maximum height of the bounce of a ping pong ball when it is first released.This is because of the unpredictability of the bounce not always reaching the same height.This we can assume their are many factors effecting the bounce of the ping pong ball.The following experiment will determine how different At this level, science becomes even more interesting and powerful.8. No, as the acceleration is not proportional to the displacement. If you determine that experimental errors are influencing your results, carefully rethink the design of your experiments. As the ball flattening upon impact with the floor is not visible as it happens so quickly it would be almost impossible to measure the size of the ball on impact with the floor. The last term can be the lowest height of the ball before it comes to an end as seen below. A geometric sequence is a progression where each term is related to the previous term, and it is related to the previous term by a number r, which is known as the common ratio of the sequence. Using the geometric sequence formula, the sum of the terms which are the heights of the ball after each bound: \(S_n = \frac{\alpha(1-r^n)}{1-r} = \frac{6m(1-0.38^5)}{1-0.38} = 9.6 m\). We use the conservation of energy. For a falling object the Coefficient to restitution (CR) is equal to the velocity squared as the object is travelling at as it leaves the floor (v22) divided by the velocity squared as it hits the floor (v12): If dropping a ball in a vacuum all you need to know in order to know how high the ball will bounce to is h1 and CR. Both potential and kinetic energy have units of Joules (J). the Scientific Method WebA) If a tennis ball is frozen, it won't bounce as high as one that is not frozen. This project guide contains information that you need in order to start your project. During the preliminary experiment it was established that time was not an important factor that had to be taken into account when deciding how many different heights to drop the ball from and the interval between those heights. Once the drag force equals the gravitational force all forces are equal and acceleration stops. A) scientific method. The ball rebounds to 38 percent of its previous height and continues to fall. When the ball travels in the negative direction (downwards), the velocity can be assumed to be negative. Yes, as elastic potential energy causes the ball to bounce off the ground and is converted into kinetic energy once the ball is in the air, causing it to move. As CR = h2/ h1it follows the gradient of the graph change in h2/ change in h1= CR. Stages of bouncing ball example, Panagi - StudySmarter Originals, Motion graphs of a bouncing ball, Panagi - StudySmarter Originals. Air resistance exists but does not affect the velocity of the ball significantly. So, we equate the potential energy and the kinetic energy. For example a regulation tennis ball is dropped from about 1 meter. What is the dependent variable in the bouncing ball experiment? will start at 2m and then move down in intervals of 10cm to 10cm. WebVariables. The energy chain is as follows: Therefore as energy cannot be created or destroyed the energy the ball starts with must be directly proportional to the energy the ball finishes with, at the top of its bounce, and so if the ball starts with more energy it must therefore finish with more. Hence the final answer is: \(\text{Total distance} = 2 \cdot S_n = 2 \cdot 9.6 m= 19.2m\). These balls do not bounce as well as balls with high air pressure. At the moment of impact, the ball also experiences deformation and the coefficient of restitution, which depends on the bounciness of the ball. Sometimes variables are linked and work together to cause something. The balls leave the floor at the same speed with the same amount of KE and so both balls reach the same height and end up with the same amount of GPE at the top of their bounces. Is a bouncing ball an example of oscillatory motion? So once you know how to calculate KE and GPE, it is simple to calculate their sum, E. KE of a dropped ball changes as it falls. Thus a typical ball bounces to 60% of its original height because it stores and returns 60% of the energy it had before the bounce. You are now ready to enter your data on a spread sheet and get to work. On a molecular level, the rubber is made from long chains of polymers. WebA bouncing ball in an ideal scenario will continue this oscillatory motion. WebThe scientific method consists of five steps: -Observation/research: The first step is to research and collect as much background information on your chosen question as you can. Control Variable: Simple Definition - Statistics How To It is a separate experiment, done exactly like the others. WebBouncing balls. Then when dropping the ball again eye level will be kept level with the blue tack thus avoiding parallax errors. This means that if a heavier ball is to be used then it will need to be dropped from higher to reach its terminal velocity. WebBouncing Ball Experiment. When a player dribbles a basketball, as Kobe Bryant does here on the 2012 U.S. men's Olympic team, the ball actually transfers some of its energy on each The formula for gravitational potential energy is PE = mgh where m is the mass of the ball measured in kg, g is the gravitational acceleration constant of 9.8 m/se c2 , and h is the height of the ball in m. As the ball falls through the air, the potential energy changes to kinetic energy. Several smooth hard flat horizontal surfaces suitable for bouncing ballsfloors, lab tables, sidewalks, and the like. As velocity increases air resistance increases in proportion to the square of the velocity. This would provide evidence on how the height from which the ball is dropped from affects the height to which it bounces without air resistance. The answer lies in how far the ball has dented inward due to its collision with the floor. This is because the experiment is a very short and simple one to carry out and if conducted efficiently can be completed easily within the time span allowed for collecting evidence. WebA control variable (or scientific constant) in scientific experimentation is an experimental element which is constant (controlled) and unchanged throughout the course of the Temperature will not affect the balls bounce either as the experiment will be conducted at room temperature, thus not allowing the floor to get cold and in doing so alter its affect upon the ball on impact. They can be the hardest part of a project. The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). This produces a different amount of response in the system. This means that the faster that the ball travels the larger the force of air resistance upon it. Is your hypothesis correct? Writing Quality. (The upward direction was assumed to be positive in this example. This can either be assumed and chosen, or it can be stated in a question.). The exact interval will be determined after the preliminary experiment, as will the number of heights that the ball will be dropped from. If the coefficient to restitution = 0.7, a ball dropping from h, in a vacuum would reach the height of 0.7 h, As velocity increases air resistance increases in proportion to the square of the velocity. For a dropped ball, the total mechanical energy is defined as the sum of its kinetic energy and its gravitational potential energy. Materials:-Carbon Paper-Goggles-Golf Then when dropping the ball again eye level was kept level with the blue tack. The weight and material of the ball will be kept the same throughout the experiment by using the same ball. This was when the ball was falling in air. It provided me with five repeats so that the maximum and minimum results could be discounted and a reliable average could be taken. The higher h1, the faster the velocity that the ball reaches. Variables that may affect the bounce of a dropped ball are: You may study the effect of any of these variables on the bounce of a dropped ball. Reverse Engineering: Ball Bounce Experiment Find out about the physics of a dropped ball. Ball_Bounce - West Virginia University h1and h2are from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. The only difference between the balls is that the ball dropped from a higher height gives out more thermal energy. The sum of the two, mechanical energy, stays the same ( is conserved.). Use two people to measure the results; one person to drop the ball and one to measure the height to which it reaches after bouncing. This will mean that I will have to have the interval between the different heights from which the ball is dropped from less than 20cm, probably at 10cm. WebRamp and ball, controlled study lab report. Air pressure will affect the balls fall slightly as the concentration of air particles per cubic meter varies with air pressure. Hence when a force is applied to a surface, it also applies a force equal in magnitude, but in the opposite direction. Hold the ball at 6 feet height and release it. As the ball is falling toward the ground its Kinetic Energy is increasing because its speed is increasing. Our dependent variable was. Variables - The Tennis ball experiment Also it will affect its bouncing properties. The push which the ball receives from the floor at the moment of impact causes it to bounce up from the surface. This phenomenon is described by Newton's third law. WebThe Bounciest Ball Experiment Overview: In this lesson, students conduct a series of experiments with different balls to observe which bounce the highest and to see how they could make balls bounce higher. 15 inches, and the golf ball bounced 26 inches. In this experiment the only variable that we modify is the release height and we keep all other variables unchanged. Create and find flashcards in record time. A ball falls from a height of 6 metres. Yes, as the ball is oscillating about the equilibrium position (in height) and goes back to its initial position after a period of time. The ball then rebounds: it undents and tosses itself up into the air to a good fraction of its original height. The surface onto which the ball is dropped will affect the height to which the ball bounces because for any two objects that collide, the properties of both determine the percentage of the kinetic energy either possesses approaching the collision that is conserved subsequent to the collision taking place (Coefficient to restitution) discounting the effects of air resistance. As the height from which the ball was dropped from was increased, the GPE energy that the ball possessed before being dropped also increased. Drag is a squared function of velocity and therefore as the ball drops drag increases a greater amount each second. Conveniently enough, this fraction of returned energy is nearly independent of how much energy the ball had to begin with. The maximum and minimum results were included when working out the variation between results however, seeing as the maximum and minimum results were produced by the experiment and are therefore part of the variation between results produced by the experiment. Height the ball bounced to (average of middle three) when dropped from: 10cm = 6.7 6.7 = 66% of 10 (to the nearest percent), 20cm = 14.0 14.0 = 70% of 20 (to the nearest percent), 30cm = 22.3 22.3 = 74% of 30 (to the nearest percent). If you did not observe a consistent, reproducible trend in your series of experimental runs there may be experimental errors affecting your results. WebBouncing Ball Experiment - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. The motion of the ball can be described using velocity, displacement, and acceleration graphs, or geometric sequences. Grammar mistakes. Projectile motion is the motion of objects that are moving near the surface of the earth in a curved path due to the effect of gravity. The more particles per cubic meter, the more drag acting upon the ball. For the lowest three points air resistance is approximately equal to zero due to the ball having a low velocity, as it was dropped from a low height, and therefore hits less air particles per second than a ball traveling at a faster speed. B) Using the conservation of energy, find the velocity of the ball before it hits the ground from a height of three metres. Find the total distance of travel until the ball hits the ground for the 8th time. If possible, have a scientist review the procedure with you. The higher the ball goes, the more GPE it ends up with. When raw data gets processed mathematically, for example, it becomes results. This help to greatly increase the accuracy of the experiment. In this experiment the only variable that we modify is the type or flexibility of bounce surface and we keep all other variables unchanged. The bouncing ball example is an example used to study, A bouncing ball in an ideal scenario will continue this oscillatory motion. The surface onto which the ball is dropped upon will be kept the same. At 2ft, the basketball bounced 15 inches, the tennis ball bounced 12 inches, and the golf. Hypothesis: Based on your gathered information, make an educated It is the most basic kind of energy. It is always good to have an explanation for choosing any hypothesis. Click Create Assignment to assign this modality to your LMS. This is correct unless the ball shows signs of reaching terminal velocity. Instead, as the ball is still always loosing GPE so long as it is still falling, all GPE is converted into thermal energy. Record the results in a table like this: Divide the bounce height of each row by the release height of the same row and write the result in the last column. When the ball collides with the floor, the ball becomes deformed. This means for the ball to reach terminal velocity the drag force has to be bigger and for the drag force to be bigger the ball has to fall faster (so that more air particles hit the ball every second). Hence, the only force acting on the ball is gravity. You may need to calculate the average of bounce height. Review each step of the procedure to find sources of potential errors. Maybe you are reading a scale incorrectly, or maybe the measuring instrument is working erratically. Choose one of the variables you listed in #4, and design an experiment to test it. The more energy that the ball possessed before being dropped, the more energy was converted into KE while the ball fell. Averages are more reliable than using one result as they take into account variation between results. Being precise as the we drop the ball from a very big height the ball will bounce back at a very big height by Newton's \(Area = \frac{1}{2} \cdot base \cdot length\), \(Area = 0.5 m \cdot 50 m \cdot 50 m = 1250 m^3\). Prediction reasons for variable control: The height the ball is dropped from will affect the height the ball bounces to due to the energy chain the ball goes through as it is dropped and bounces up again. A bouncing ball is an example of oscillatory motion as the ball is oscillating about the equilibrium position. Try to find more information from physics or mechanics books. WebLearn how to identify types of variables in a simple experiment with bouncing balls. If you have any questions or need more support about this project, click on the Ask Question button on the top of this page to send me a message. The example of the bouncing ball is used to study projectile motion in mechanics. 2. This is because the ball starts with more GPE. If the KE is the same as they hit the ground the energy stored in the ball as elastic potential energy will be the same also. This means that KE is the same for both balls when each ball hits the ground. What Effects the Bounce of a Dropped Ball The mass is cancelled out in the above equation, and we re-arrange with respect to velocity. are from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. Control Variable? Definition and Examples It shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Design an experiment to test each hypothesis. Hypothesis: If a tennis ball is dropped from a specific height then the ball will bounce to the same height. Will you pass the quiz? Dependent variable is the height that the ball bounces. Bouncing balls experiment For the higher heights the distance from h1 to h2 was almost a meter which meant it was difficult to get eye level from h1 to h2 to accurately in a short amount of time. Measure the height the ball reaches after the first bounce and record. Read books, magazines or ask professionals who might know in order to find out the factors that affect the movements of a dropped ball. (Their ideas might include surface texture, colour, size, what its made of, squashiness, opacity, weight, air pockets, temperature, cost, shininess/dullness, hardness/softness, age, layers of materials.) The material ball is made from will affect the ball as if it is smooth then the drag will be significantly less than if it is rough. The ball did not reach terminal velocity however as it did not have enough time to accelerate to its terminal velocity. A ball falls from a height of 3 metres. However the conditions were kept the same for each drop of the ball. The last stage is the point at which the ball has reached its maximum displacement, decelerates, and changes the direction of motion from upwards to downwards. Kinetic energy is energy of motion. ThatQuiz For instance result 3 from 200cm was an anomaly but was not taken into account when taking the average of the middle three. You can drop the ball from your hand or you can make a stopper for the ball to hold it only from the sides with a little pressure. WebDrop the ball from the line between cinder blocks/bricks to make the measurements more accurate. From this it can be seen that using the average of the middle three results is more accurate than using the average of all five, as it automatically discounts most anomalies. These inaccuracies could have been caused by external factors or parallax error even though efforts were made to avoid parallax error occurring - by dropping the ball one time that was not measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. Bouncing Ball Lab - Warren County Public Schools The distance in centimeters from bounce 1 to bounce 2. Dropping a ball from different heights Dropping a ball from different heights could affect This is because as the ball goes faster it passes through a greater volume of air each second. Why or why not? \[S_{\infty} = \frac{\alpha(1-r^{\infty})}{1-r} = \frac{\alpha(1-0)}{1-r} \qquad S_{\infty} = \frac{\alpha}{1-r}\]. It is used to determine what the variable changed. This would allow one to find the terminal velocity of the ball. WebPhysics Lab 1 - Bouncing Ball - Hardik December 2019 PDF Bookmark This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. Adapted from Plangenhoef, Patterns of Human Motion. The experiment was conducted as the method (below) states. Working out the variation in results shows how accurate the experiment was. Using the geometric sequence for an infinite sequence and substituting the given values we get: \(S_{\infty} = 2 \cdot \frac{\alpha}{1-r} = 2 \cdot \frac{6m}{1-0.38} = 19.35 m\). The CoRs apply to balls dropped or thrown at a rigid wooden surface. To find out what affects the height to which a ball bounces. 2. The coefficient of restitution is the ratio of the final to initial speed between two bodies after the collision. The average variation between results was 3cm. Its high order and functions achieved with differential and integral operations can't fit any circle, because circles must cover constant speed in simple harmonic motion. D (60%) WebControlled Variables: -Golf ball -PVC piping -Angle of Ramp Our controlled variable was Manipulated Variable: -Release point -Distance ball bounces Our manipulated variables was: Dependent Variable: The distance in centimeters from bounce 1 to bounce 2. Advanced levels of experimental science rely heavily on graphical and mathematical analysis of data. What is the control variable in the bouncing ball experiment At the lowest point, the ball has its minimum potential energy, and the velocity changes from negative to positive. While a value of 1 indicates a perfectly elastic collision, a value of 0 indicates a perfectly inelastic collision. WebOn the cardboard, mark the starting point, the point where the marble strikes the wood, and a point along the marble's path as it rolls away from the wood. When a ball drops in air there is air resistance to which the ball loses energy in the form of thermal energy. Five repeats were done as it was deemed that an average of the middle three was reasonably accurate. Your bibliography must contain sources that are available to you (at your school or local library). KE = 1/2mv where m = mass and v = velocity, 1/2mv = mhg - thermal energy (lost as a result of drag). Also it shows inaccuracies in the experiment as it shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. WebThe main variables in a science experiment are the independent variable, the dependent variable and the control variables. The formula for kinetic energy is KE=1/2 mv 2 , where m is the mass in kg and v is the velocity in m/sec 2 . What you have learned may allow you to answer other questions. You may now be able to understand or verify things that you discovered when gathering information for the project. 1. A control is a neutral reference point for comparison that allows you to see what changing a variable does by comparing it to not changing anything. Therefore any change to the weight of the ball will affect the energy the ball has initially, which, as previously stated, affects the height to which the ball bounces. Hypothesis. The following is a college level project, but some grade 9 to 12 students can also complete this with no problem. A series of experiments is made up of separate experimental runs. During each run you make a measurement of how much the variable affected the system under study. This causes thermal energy to be given off. Our lab group was able to determine the relationship between drop height and bounce height. The first stage is where the ball bounces from the surface of the ground. Its 100% free. WebThere are many different variables that would affect the bounce height of a ball. What does the motion of a bouncing ball look like? Many questions are related. A series of experiments can be done by changing one variable a different amount each time. Prior to the sample task, students investigated investigated forms of energy and energy transfers and transformations. Also the difference between the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 1ms-1 and the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 2ms-1 is far smaller than the difference between the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 20ms-1 and the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 21ms-1.

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